PLAN Synopsis - 01

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Category: SU.01.AB.PL.00.25

Physical criterion of hardness, strength, brittleness of material, method of analysis of indentation and uniaxial tension diagrams, calculation of standard and universal physical parameters.

Shtyrov Nikolay

Private Research and production Company «LYU». Nikolayev, Ukraine, Ukraine , +380679793699, E-mail: n47068779@gmail.com

Preface

In the process of many years of work on the physical kinetic structural-energy theory of strength, I came to the conclusion that the most effective approach to the study of physical and mechanical characteristics of materials is based on the use of analysis of experimental data obtained from the results of kinetic indentation. New methods are effective and adapted for testing materials directly in the elements of existing critical and unique structures. The latter is an urgent engineering and scientific problem, which is actively dealt with by leading specialists in developed countries. The results of physical and analytical research of modern methods of measuring hardness and kinetic indentation tests of materials are the basis of my work on the creation of new methods for theoretical assessment of strength, durability, brittleness of materials. This work shows the possibilities of practical application of the physical structural-energy kinetic theory of strength. The results of my theoretical research in the field of physical theory of hardness, theses of new universal methods and examples of solving applied problems are presented, a small part of the materials was published earlier.


Abstract.


The paper theoretically and experimentally substantiates the physical criterion of hardness and strength of the material: specific generalized volumetric power, specific rheological molar power of change in energy density in a deformed solid. Universal physical and mechanical characteristics and parameters are obtained for kinetic indentation and uniaxial tension until failure of the material. Function of state of a deformed solid, physical universal unit, standard of material hardness. Relationship between physical and standard empirical hardness. Calculation of strength parameters, hardness of the material using the method of physical analysis of kinetic indentation and uniaxial tension diagrams. Experimental and analytical method for assessing physical and standard empirical parameters of strength, plasticity, fracture, hardness, brittleness of materials. Simplified technology, algorithms for complex testing of material parameters in elements of an operating structure based on kinetic indentation data.

Key words: physical hardness and strength, function, number, universal physical unit of hardness, theory, methods, kinetic indentation, application.

The aim of the work is to present the results of theoretical and experimental substantiation of a new universal physical and mechanical characteristic of a material - the specific generalized power of irreversible processes or the physical hardness of a material. The state function is a new physical characteristic and quantity, a universal unit of strength and hardness measurement. Analytical description of the process of deformation and destruction of solids by means of a physical model of a quasi-equilibrium state of a solid, presented as an associated interaction of a macroscopic set of quasiparticles, vortices, waves of different energies, specific powers, forming a torsion energy field in the volume of a deformed solid. To show the theoretical and analytical relationship between physical hardness and standard empirical parameters of strength, plasticity, hardness, brittle fracture of materials. Principles of simplified kinetic indentation technology and methods of physical analysis of the indentation force diagram, universal algorithms for operational testing and analysis of the state of hardness, strength, durability, brittleness of materials in structural elements.

Solution method. Using the physical theory of strength of solids, analysis and generalization of the properties of standard material test diagrams by UTM and KI methods, a universal characteristic of the material, the state function - the specific power (speed) of the process of changing the density of dissipated energy and body shape change is substantiated. In particular, the macro physical indentation hardness (hereinafter PHI) is considered in the work. This function is universal, applicable for the analysis of KI and UTM. An analytical relationship is obtained between the physical parameters of the material and the values ​​of the parameters of the standard empirical hardness (EH), standard indicators of mechanical strength. The results of the physical analytical analysis of the standard F(h) diagrams obtained as a result of testing KI steels, the analysis of the Ϭ(Ɛ) diagram for uniaxial tension, where Ϭ are conditional stresses and Ɛ are relative deformations. Promising technologies, methods, algorithms for experimental and theoretical testing of universal physical parameters of hardness, durability, plasticity, strength, brittleness of the material, using kinetic indentation data are discussed.

Contents

Part 1. Volumetric derivative of the energy of a deformed solid, the function of the state of shape change and failure. Thermomechanical potential of indentation, gradient of the flux of specific power of irreversible processes during indentation and uniaxial tension, generalized and molar rheological power.

Part 2. Physical hardness - specific volumetric generalized power, rate of the process of irreversible shape change and structural transformations of a deformed solid. Properties of the function of physical hardness, standard of function and number, conjugate functions. Ratio of empirical standard and physical hardness of a material. Difference between the physical process of NANO and MACRO range of indentation.

  • 2.1 Properties of the function - specific volumetric generalized power MKI, definition of the concept, function and number of physical hardness. The main component of physical hardness PHIx(h), HI(h), standard function PHst(h) and hardness number PHst(hst).
  • 2.2 Physical method for analyzing the F(h) MKI diagram. Method 1. Calculation of the component of the physical hardness function. Relationship between the function and the number of physical hardness and the empirical hardness according to the Brinell scale. Standard number of hardness. Function of the generalized rate of increase of the indentation force.  
    • 1. Physical method for analyzing the F(h) MKI diagram, calculating the hardness function.
    • 2. Relationship between the function and the number of physical hardness and the empirical hardness according to the Brinell scale.
    • 3. Standard number of macrohardness.
    • 4. Function of the generalized rate of increase of the indentation force F(h).
    • 5. An example of the analytical method for calculating the hardness number of a material according to an ideal F(h) diagram, the case of kfh= const MKI by a sphere.
    • 6. Discussion. Conclusion.
  • 2.3 Analysis of the principal component of physical hardness PHIx using parametric rheological functions MKI. The case of a constant generalized rate of increase of the indentation force F(h).
  • 2.4 Calverta Johnson method, the first correct physical hardness scale, hardness number, F(h) function of the process, properties, analysis. The law of physical hardness of a material (draft).
    • 1. The function and number of hardness of a material in MCJ, the relationship with empirical functions and the hardness number in the standard Brinell method.
    • 2. Analysis of the MKI process in the Calvert Johnson method using the function of physical hardness and parametric functions. The relationship of the parameters of physical hardness PHI and HMCJ. Principles of MCJ.
    • 3. Discussion. The law of physical hardness (draft). Conclusions.
  • 2.5 Physical parameters of the cyclic diagram F(h) MKI, a new effective method for analyzing the diagram to determine the Brinell hardness number. Examples of hardness calculation. Conclusions.
    • 1. Statement of the problem. CYMKI diagrams obtained at UTM−20HT ISP NANU, physical analysis of the construction method [xx].
    • 2. Universal physical method for calculating the empirical Brinell hardness number HBW, using the physical parameter of the linear trend of the experimental cyclic diagram of the function F(h). Table of CYMKI parameters and process parameters of the MCJ standard.
    • 3. Comparison of physical parameters of two versions of CYMKI diagrams. Analysis of parameters in one cycle in the area of ​​active growth of force and displacement.
    • 4. Generalized indentation rate - a universal integral criterion of hardness in CYMKI. Relationship between the measure, unit of measurement of the hardness scale and the parameter kfh, N/m, (linear trend) of the generalized rate of MKI.
    • 5. Examples, calculation of HBW hardness of steels according to CYMKI diagram, indenter sphere D 2.5 and 0.76 mm..
    • 6. Discussion. Conclusions.
  • 2.6 Associated and additional functions of the kinetic macroindentation process analysis. Function of the activated volume shape change.
    • 1. Fo(h), Fv(h), Fo(V), Fv(V), generalized velocity KI Fh´(h), FV´(V) .
    • 2. Activated volume V as an independent variable. Functions Fo(V), Fv(V), F´o(V), F´v(V) MKI sphere and pyramid.
    • 3. Functions MKI: Vo(h) So(h) Vv(h) Sv(h) Xsv(h) .
    • 4. Function of the activated volume shape change.
  • 2.7 Macro potential of physical hardness grad A, relationship with the main component of macrohardness. Physical activated volume as an independent variable of indentation. Calculation of the macro potential of hardness of a single-act and cyclic indentation diagram F(h).
    • 1. Method 2. Calculation of the main parameter PHM of the macro potential of physical hardness grad A.
    • 2. Option for rapid assessment of the value of macro-hardness according to the diagram A(V).
    • 3. Discussion. Conclusions.
  • 2.8. Sharp indenter: pyramid, cone, nano – microsphere. Process features. Rockwell scales. Macro and nano hardness, different physical processes of activation of specific indentation power. Combined physical Ludwig Rockwell diagram. Universal diagram of physical hardness for a sharp macro indenter for three ranges.
    • 1. Sharp macro indenter, definition, characteristic diagrams of the MKI SI process, combined physical diagram of hardness for three ranges.
    • 2. NANO-MICRO range, physical features, LP process, equation.
    • 3. Physical hardness of the MKI process, equation for a sharp indenter, properties and parameters. Ratio of the MKI diagrams of a sphere and a pyramid.
    • 4. Dimensionless generalized rate of change of indentation force for a pyramid. Fph, F´ph – root physical components of the PHI function. Influence of the shape function on PHI(h).
    • 5. Rockwell scales analytical connection with the diagram and number of physical and hardness. Physical standard of the function and hardness number MKI, the combined diagram Ludwig -Rockwell.
    • 6. Universal equation of physical hardness for a sharp indenter, properties and parameters
    • 7. Combined diagram of physical hardness for three ranges for a pyramid indenter.
    • 8. Discussion. Conclusions.
  • 2.9 Discussion and conclusions part 2.
    • 1. Physical hardness MKI, analysis, criteria and characteristics:
      Method 1, Method 2.
    • 2. KI sharp indenter SI. criteria, equation, hardness functions, three ranges: NANO, MICRO, COMBI.

Part 3 Uniaxial Tension, Physical Volume Generalized Power of the Process (PHUTM), grad function AUTM. Correlation of indentation potentials PHI and extension potential PHUTM, general physical criterion of irreversible processes in a material, examples. Universal nature of the grad A function in analyzing the hardness and strength of a material.

  • 3.1 Relationship between the physical potential PHMA and the empirical hardness number HBW of a material according to the Brinell scale. grad A
  • 3.2 Functions of the specific generalized power of material forming processes for uniaxial tension PHUTM(V). Correlation of the function PHI(V) and the function PHUTM(V). General principles of analyzing the function of physical hardness for kinetic indentation and uniaxial tension.
  • 3.3 Discussion. Conclusions.

Part 4 Physical molar potential of the power of irreversible forming of a solid for uniaxial tension. Molar energy. Universal nature of the molar power function for UTM. Physical criterion of brittle fracture, brittleness parameter, methods for assessing the state of the material.

  • 4.1 Physical function of state, molar parameters under brittle fracture conditions of the material under uniaxial tension, criteria.
  • 4.2 Physical method for analyzing and assessing the brittleness parameter and conditions of material failure.
  • 4.2 Discussion. Conclusions.

Part. 5. Principles of implementation of universal technology and effective method of physical analysis of kinetic indentation of material. Complex testing of the state of strength, damage, brittleness directly in the elements of the structure. Universal indenter MKI, standard of the function and number of physical hardness. Rheological molar parameters of strength and brittleness of material under UTM conditions. Prospects for the application of physical methods of analysis and testing of properties of the material of the structure.