Part 2.SU.01.Physical hardness...

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Category: SU-01-AB-PL-PT-02-25

Part 2. Physical hardness - specific volumetric generalized power, rate of the process of irreversible shape change and structural transformations of a deformed solid. Properties of the function of physical hardness, standard of function and number, conjugate functions. Ratio of empirical standard and physical hardness of a material. Difference between the physical process of NANO and MACRO range of indentation.

Abstract.

The physical concepts of the function and number of material hardness are theoretically and experimentally substantiated, new analytical methods for analyzing data from the kinetic indentation process in the nano-micro-macro ranges are shown. A universal physical unit and function of material hardness are obtained. A method for determining the function and number of physical macro-hardness. The cause of the size effect in standard empirical methods for determining hardness is shown. A correct physical method for comparing and converting hardness values ​​​​of different scales is proposed. A universal algorithm for the physical analysis of force diagrams obtained by an indenter of different shapes. Methods for determining the correct values ​​​​of physical and empirical hardness. A model and equations of the function of physical hardness of the NANO and MACRO indentation range are proposed, the advantages and prospects of using a sharp indenter for solving problems of strength, durability and brittleness of materials are shown.

Plan. Part 2.1 – 2.9
  • 2.1 Properties of the function - specific volumetric generalized power MKI, definition of the concept, function and number of physical hardness. The main component of physical hardness PHIx(h), HI(h), standard function PHst(h) and hardness number PHst(hst).
  • 2.2 Physical method for analyzing the F(h) MKI diagram. Method 1. Calculation of the component of the physical hardness function. Relationship between the function and the number of physical hardness and the empirical hardness according to the Brinell scale. Standard number of hardness. Function of the generalized rate of increase of the indentation force.
    • 1. Physical method for analyzing the F(h) MKI diagram, calculating the hardness function.
    • 2. Relationship between the function and the number of physical hardness and the empirical hardness according to the Brinell scale.
    • 3. Standard number of macrohardness.
    • 4. Function of the generalized rate of increase of the indentation force F(h).
    • 5. An example of the analytical method for calculating the hardness number of a material according to an ideal F(h) diagram, the case of kfh= const MKI by a sphere.
    • 6. Discussion. Conclusion.
  • 2.3 Analysis of the principal component of physical hardness PHIx using parametric rheological functions MKI. The case of a constant generalized rate of increase of the indentation force F(h)..
  • 2.4 Calverta Johnson method, the first correct physical hardness scale, hardness number, F(h) function of the process, properties, analysis. The law of physical hardness of a material (draft).
    • 1. The function and number of hardness of a material in MCJ, the relationship with empirical functions and the hardness number in the standard Brinell method.
    • 2. Analysis of the MKI process in the Calvert Johnson method using the function of physical hardness and parametric functions. The relationship of the parameters of physical hardness PHI and HMCJ. Principles of MCJ.
    • 3. Discussion. The law of physical hardness (draft). Conclusions.
  • 2.5 Physical parameters of the cyclic diagram F(h) MKI, a new effective method for analyzing the diagram to determine the Brinell hardness number. Examples of hardness calculation. Conclusions.
    • 1. Statement of the problem. CYMKI diagrams obtained at UTM−20HT ISP NANU, physical analysis of the construction method [xx].
    • 2. Universal physical method for calculating the empirical Brinell hardness number HBW, using the physical parameter of the linear trend of the experimental cyclic diagram of the function F(h). Table of CYMKI parameters and process parameters of the MCJ standard.
    • 3. Comparison of physical parameters of two versions of CYMKI diagrams. Analysis of parameters in one cycle in the area of ​​active growth of force and displacement.
    • 4. Generalized indentation rate - a universal integral criterion of hardness in CYMKI. Relationship between the measure, unit of measurement of the hardness scale and the parameter kfh, N/m, (linear trend) of the generalized rate of MKI.
    • 5. Examples, calculation of HBW hardness of steels according to CYMKI diagram, indenter sphere D 2.5 and 0.76 mm..
    • 6. Discussion. Conclusions.
  • 2.6 Associated and additional functions of the kinetic macroindentation process analysis. Function of the activated volume shape change.
    • 1. Fo(h), Fv(h), Fo(V), Fv(V), generalized velocity KI Fh´(h), FV´(V) .
    • 2. Activated volume V as an independent variable. Functions Fo(V), Fv(V), F´o(V), F´v(V) MKI sphere and pyramid.
    • 3. Functions MKI: Vo(h) So(h) Vv(h) Sv(h) Xsv(h) .
    • 4. Function of the activated volume shape change.
  • 2.7 Macro potential of physical hardness grad A, relationship with the main component of macrohardness. Physical activated volume as an independent variable of indentation. Calculation of the macro potential of hardness of a single-act and cyclic indentation diagram F(h).
    • 1. Method 2. Calculation of the main parameter PHM of the macro potential of physical hardness grad A.
    • 2. Option for rapid assessment of the value of macro-hardness according to the diagram A(V).
    • 3. Discussion. Conclusions.
  • 2.8. Sharp indenter: pyramid, cone, nano – microsphere. Process features. Rockwell scales. Macro and nano hardness, different physical processes of activation of specific indentation power. Combined physical Ludwig Rockwell diagram. Universal diagram of physical hardness for a sharp macro indenter for three ranges.
    • 1. Sharp macro indenter, definition, characteristic diagrams of the MKI SI process, combined physical diagram of hardness for three ranges.
    • 2. NANO-MICRO range, physical features, LP process, equation.
    • 3. Physical hardness of the MKI process, equation for a sharp indenter, properties and parameters. Ratio of the MKI diagrams of a sphere and a pyramid.
    • 4. Dimensionless generalized rate of change of indentation force for a pyramid. Fph, F´ph – root physical components of the PHI function. Influence of the shape function on PHI(h).
    • 5. Rockwell scales analytical connection with the diagram and number of physical and hardness. Physical standard of the function and hardness number MKI, the combined diagram Ludwig -Rockwell.
    • 6. Universal equation of physical hardness for a sharp indenter, properties and parameters
    • 7. Combined diagram of physical hardness for three ranges for a pyramid indenter.
    • 8. Discussion. Conclusions.
  • 2.9 Discussion and conclusions part 2.
    • 1. Physical hardness MKI, analysis, criteria and characteristics:
          Method 1, Method 2.
    • 2. KI sharp indenter SI. criteria, equation, hardness functions, three ranges: NANO, MICRO, COMBI.